Gambling is the wagering of something of value (usually money) on a random event that is out of the control of the player, with the intention of winning something else of value. The activity is regulated by law in many jurisdictions and may take the form of lotteries, sports betting, casino games or card games. Skill can improve a gambler’s chances of winning, but the overall outcome is still unpredictable.
While most people who participate in gambling do so without problems, a small subset develops a gambling disorder, defined in the DSM-5 as persistent and recurrent problem gambling that leads to significant impairment in personal, social or occupational functioning. Symptoms include:
The cause of gambling disorder is not completely understood, but several factors contribute to its development. A person’s risk of developing a gambling problem increases with the length of time spent on the activity and the amount of money wagered. It is also associated with a greater propensity for thrill-seeking behaviors and impulsivity, as well as an inability to understand the probability of a loss or win. A person who suffers from a mood disorder, such as anxiety or depression, is at greater risk for developing a gambling disorder than those who do not.
Some people become addicted to gambling because it satisfies their need for excitement and escapism. Others use it to meet basic human needs, such as a sense of belonging or the need for status. This is especially true for people who do not have a strong family or social network. Gambling can also be a way to avoid unpleasant feelings, such as boredom or stress.
In addition to the aforementioned behavioral signs, individuals who have a gambling disorder also experience withdrawal and cravings. They often lie to family members, therapists or employers in order to conceal the extent of their involvement with gambling and may even commit illegal acts, such as fraud or theft, to finance their habit. They can also become financially dependent on gambling and spend more and more of their income on it.
While it is not a cure, psychotherapy can help an individual overcome their addiction and reduce their cravings. It can also help a family deal with the financial impact of a gambling disorder and establish boundaries in managing money. In addition, family therapy can teach a person new coping skills, such as denial-busting and communication techniques.
Taking steps to break the cycle of gambling is critical for individuals and families. It can be hard to stop, but it is possible with patience and a lot of support. Those who have loved ones with a gambling disorder should seek professional help for themselves and their family members. This can be done in the form of a support group or by consulting a trained therapist. It is important for relatives to be aware that they are not alone in their struggle; many families have experienced problem gambling and have successfully overcome it.
