State conflict in Southeast Asia is a complex issue and is often influenced by various historical, political and social factors. In this region, there are a number of conflicts related to territorial boundaries, ideological differences and ethnic tensions. One of the main roots of the problem is the history of colonialism which left a legacy in the form of national borders that do not always reflect the social and cultural realities of society. For example, in Myanmar, conflict between the government and ethnic groups such as the Rohingya is driven by long-standing identity tensions. The rise of ethnic nationalism in the region often conflicts with recognition of human rights, creating serious dilemmas for governments. Another factor that exacerbates the situation is outside intervention which often fuels further tensions. For example, the presence of major powers such as China and the United States in the South China Sea has added a new dimension to the conflict. Disputes regarding territorial claims not only involve Southeast Asian countries, but also involve global interests, creating tensions that affect regional stability. Domestic politics in the countries involved also contribute to the conflict. Political crises in Thailand, for example, are often characterized by clashes between elite groups and the people who demand reform. This dynamic has the potential to trigger instability and social unrest which could escalate into armed conflict. An unequal economy is also an important contributing factor. Social and economic disparities often drive dissatisfaction among marginalized communities. In the Philippines, conflict with separatist groups in Mindanao is largely driven by a lack of access to basic resources and services, leaving the groups feeling isolated from national development. No less important, poor management of natural resources can also trigger conflict. Abundant resources, such as oil and gas, often trigger disputes between countries. Inequity in the distribution of resource outcomes can exacerbate interethnic and intergroup tensions. Long-term solutions to conflicts in Southeast Asia require an inclusive approach and open dialogue between all parties involved. Encouraging education that respects cultural diversity, as well as increasing economic cooperation between countries can help ease tensions. Referendums or collaboration in dispute resolution are also important to create fair solutions. Apart from that, the role of regional organizations such as ASEAN is very vital. Through this platform, countries can strengthen cooperation in resolving conflicts, establishing norms that support peace, and respecting each other’s sovereignty. By understanding the root of the problem and committing to creating a constructive approach, it is hoped that the conflict in Southeast Asia can be resolved.
